India subjects crypto transactions to Anti-Money Laundering law

While there’s nothing new in imposing Anti-Money Laundering (AML) standards on crypto, it is only now that the Indian government has decided to notify all interested parties of the obligation to comply with the national AML law.

On March 7, The Gazette of India published a notification from the Ministry of Finance, subjecting a range of crypto transactions to the Prevention of Money-Laundering Act (PLMA) 2002 — namely the exchange, transfers, safekeeping and administration of virtual assets. Financial services related to an issuer’s offer and sale of virtual assets also fall under the PMLA.

The notification doesn’t provide many details, but the PMLA obliges financial institutions to maintain a record of all transactions for the last ten years, provide these records to officials if demanded, and verify the identity of all the clients.

Published as regulators worldwide are tightening AML standards for crypto, the notification will complicate the life of crypto companies in India. And it already has not been too comfortable in recent years. From March 2022, according to amended tax rules, digital assets holdings and transfers are subject to a 30% tax.

Related: India explores offline functionality of CBDCs — RBI executive director

​​Trading volume on major cryptocurrency exchanges across India dropped by 70% within 10 days of the new tax policy, and almost 90% over the next three months. The rigid tax policy drove crypto traders to offshore exchanges and forced budding crypto projects to move outside India.

In February 2023, Indian authorities again demonstrated their tough stance on cryptocurrencies with a preemptive ban on crypto advertising and sponsorships in the local women’s cricket league. This followed a previous ban for the men’s cricket Premier League, introduced back in 2022.

In 2023, while celebrating India’s first presidency of the G20, the country’s Finance Minister, Nirmala Sitharaman, urged international efforts to regulate crypto. She called for a coordinated effort “for building and understanding the macro-financial implications,” which could be used to reform crypto regulation globally.

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